Original Title: Orthodontic Knowledge Popular Science Post: Detailed Explanation of Orthodontic Braces Device Components (with Pictures) 1. Type of appliance: 1. Labial appliance: appliance components such as brackets and steel wires are pasted on the labial and buccal surfaces of the crown. (1) Metal bracket appliance: There are square wire brackets and straight wire brackets, which look almost the same. Various metal brackets: Expand the full text Damon Q self-ligating bracket Damon 3MX metal self-ligating bracket Ordinary straight wire bracket (2) Ceramic bracket appliance: There are also many varieties of ceramic brackets, some of which are listed: Single crystal brackets (there are many names: ice crystal brackets, sapphire crystal brackets, etc.), ceramic brackets, resin ceramic brackets, ceramic brackets with metal grooves (due to the large friction resistance between ceramic brackets and steel wires, the increase of metal grooves can reduce the friction resistance). Single lens bracket, note that the patient used aesthetic wire (steel wire with a layer of white film) GAC ceramic self-ligating bracket Upper half ceramic bracket VS. Metal brackets in the lower half 2. Lingual appliance Bracket, steel wire and other appliance components are pasted on the lingual side of the crown. 3. Bracketless appliance American products are Invisalign, and Chinese products include Angel, Zhengya, Henghui and other bracketless invisible appliances. 2. Appliance components: 1. Bracket: It is directly bonded to the surface of the crown with adhesive,Titanium 6Al4V wire, and the arch wire applies various types of orthodontic force to the tooth through the bracket. 2. Arch wire: It usually refers to the "main arch wire", which is an arc-shaped steel wire that passes through the grooves of all brackets and the buccal tubes of molars to connect the appliance components into a whole. (1) Bows of various sizes: according to the shape of the cross section, they are divided into round wire, square wire and rectangular wire. Its size is expressed in inches, for example,ti6al4v eli, 0.016 "NITI means that the steel wire material is 0.016 inch nickel-titanium round wire, and 0.018 X 0.025" SSW means that the steel wire material is 0.018 X 0.025 rectangular stainless steel wire (referred to as 1825 stainless steel square wire). Shape of archwire cross section (2) There are various types of steel wire: super elastic nickel-titanium wire, nickel-titanium wire containing copper, stainless steel wire. Classic curved nickel-titanium wire (finished product) Nickel titanium wire in the shape of a rocking chair (finished product) Classic steel wire arc, this is a straight arch wire, mostly finished products, can also be personalized bending by doctors. Multi-curve stainless steel square wire (many "L" curves are bent on the basis of maintaining the arc of the steel wire), which is individually bent by the doctor according to the width of the patient's teeth. This kind of silk has no finished products, can only be personalized bending, production and application are more difficult. But there are some special effects. The multi-curved square silk is applied to the oral cavity of the patient (the patient who wears this silk is hard, nickel titanium wire ,titanium exhaust tubing, but some cases need to use this, which is of special significance.) 3. Band and buccal tube: The traditional appliance needs to put a band on the molar, weld a buccal tube on the band, and the hole of the buccal tube is to accommodate the steel wire. Thanks to the improved bonding effect of the adhesive, the band ring is no longer necessary, only in some special cases. Finished belt ring Buccal tube (single tube) Buccal tube (three-tube) The left side is the buccal tube, and the right side is the band ring welded with the buccal tube. The buccal tube is welded to the buccal side of the band, and the main arch wire (steel wire) passes through the buccal tube. The special function of the band is that it can be used as an auxiliary accessory for strengthening anchorage facilities such as arch expansion, extraoral arch wearing, and transverse palatal bar, as shown in the following figure: The band made on the plaster model (with the band on the first molar) and the palatal side of the band were welded with a spiral expansion device The spiral expansion device is stuck in the mouth (the first molar and the first bicuspid are stuck with the band ring) Palatal side welded transverse palatal bar with ring. Its function is to strengthen the anchorage of molars and prevent the forward movement of molars. 4. Mesh bottom buccal tube: If there is no need to make a special device, the mesh bottom buccal tube can be used to directly stick to the tooth surface of the big tooth, so there is no need to make a ring or divide the tooth. Therefore, orthodontics is not necessary to do the teeth. The buccal tube at the bottom of the mesh is used, so that the oral hygiene of the patient is easy to maintain, the irritation to the gum is small, and the food impaction is not easy to occur. And the food impaction after the removal of the appliance is avoided due to the fact that the teeth are not contacted tightly enough due to the thickness of the band. Net bottom buccal tube The green arrow shows that the buccal tube at the bottom of the mesh is adhered to the buccal surface of the molar, and the steel wire (main arch wire) passes through the hole of the buccal tube. 5. Ligature wire and ligature ring: Fix the steel wire (main arch wire) in the groove of the bracket. Ligature wire Ligature ring (color) Transparent ligature ring The ligature wire ligates the single lens bracket and the steel wire (main arch wire) into a continuous whole. The upper teeth were ligated and the lower teeth were ligated with transparent ligating rings, but the transparent ligating rings turned yellow after one month. 6. Traction hook: used for hanging rubber bands. Components of fixed appliance 7. Tooth separating ring and tooth separating spring: Insert the ring between the teeth. After a few days, there will be a tiny gap between the teeth before the ring can be put in. Of course, tooth separation is not necessary, so the pain of tooth separation is not necessary. The finished product is divided into tooth rings The tooth ring is placed between the two teeth (as shown in the blue tooth ring in the figure) Splitting springs (wires in the picture) are placed on either side of the molars. 8. Bite Turbos: Occlusal attachment, adhered to the lingual side of the upper anterior teeth, used to help open the occlusion and separate the occlusal force of the anterior teeth during deep overbite of the anterior teeth, so as to prevent the lower anterior bracket from being bitten off in deep overbite cases. The bite turbos is pasted on the lingual side of two upper teeth (model) The bite turbos were pasted on the lingual side of both upper incisors (patient's picture). 9. Spring (nickel-titanium tension spring and push spring): The tension spring is used to pull the teeth and close the gap, which is similar to the rubber band. The push spring is used for pushing the teeth to open the gap. Tension Spring Application of tension spring (green arrow) Push Spring The push spring is arranged between the two teeth to push the teeth away; 10. Rubber band: It is used to apply force to the teeth. It is used to move the teeth, adjust the occlusal relationship, and close the gap. 1) Rubber band model: It is expressed in inches. Commonly used models are: 1/8 "1/4" 3/16 "5/16" 3/8 "1/2" and so on. The expression of 1/8 means one-eighth inch rubber band. Commonly used rubber bands have a force of 3.5 oz, 4 oz, and 6 oz, expressed in "ounces" (oz). 2) Traction types of various rubber bands: The traction types are very flexible and diverse, and several typical traction modes are listed here: -Horizontal traction: -Type 2 traction: -Type 3 traction: indicated by the arrow of 7 in the figure. Enlarged image showing Type 3 traction -Other types of traction, such as triangular traction: Triangular traction Short intermaxillary traction 11. Chain rubber band (also known as rubber chain): a super-elastic chain rubber band is used to close a small gap,titanium filler rod, to make the teeth closer together, or to prevent the gap between the teeth (to prevent the recurrence of the gap). 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